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Alma-class ironclad
The ''Alma''-class ironclads were a group of seven wooden-hulled, armored corvettes built for the French Navy in the mid to late 1860s. Three of the ships attempted to blockade Prussian ports in the Baltic Sea in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. Three others patrolled the North Sea and the Atlantic, while the last ship was en route to Japan when the war began and blockaded two small Prussian ships in a Japanese harbor. Afterwards they alternated periods of reserve and active commissions, many of them abroad. Three of the ships participated in the French occupation of Tunisia in 1881 while another helped to intimidate the Vietnamese Government into accepting status as a French protectorate and played a small role in the Sino-French War of 1884–85.
==Design and description==
The ''Alma''-class ironclads〔Ironclad is the all-encompassing term for armored warships of this period. Armored corvettes were originally designed for the same role as traditional wooden corvettes, but this rapidly changed as the size and expense of these ships caused them to be used as second-class armored ships.〕 were designed by Henri Dupuy de Lôme as improved versions of the armored corvette suitable for foreign deployments.〔 Unlike their predecessor the ships were true central battery ironclads as they were fitted with armored transverse bulkheads.〔de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 26〕 The original plan for these ships was to have a two-deck battery with four guns on the battery deck and four guns mounted above them on the upper deck, one gun at each corner of the battery. This design was changed to substitute four barbettes for the upper battery, but the addition of armored bulkheads proved to be very heavy and the rear pair of barbettes had to be deleted to save weight. In partial compensation the 164-millimeter guns in the barbettes were replaced by an additional pair of 194-millimeter guns.〔 Like most ironclads of their era they were equipped with a metal-reinforced ram.〔Gardiner, p. 302〕
The ships were built from the same general plan, but differed amongst themselves. They measured between perpendiculars, with a beam of . The ships had a mean draft of and displaced .〔 Their crew numbered 316 officers and men.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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